172
9
1
1
1917
War
A NEW YEAR DAWNS
Today marks the third New Years day in what was expected to be a six-month long war. There is no end in sight, as the stalemate of trench warfare continues to grip the Western Front.
somme_eve of battle.jpg
spare
EOR
3
1
1917
War
POUR LE MERITE CHANGES 
The requirement for German pilots to receive the Pour le Merite has been raised to sixteen victories from eight. Victories seem to be easier to come by now, due to the ever increasing air activity.
Blue Max.jpg
spare
EOR
9
1
1917
War
GERMANY TO UNLEASH U-BOATS
German Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg today announced Germany’s intention to use unrestricted submarine warfare. Such a tactic seems likely to provoke America, but the war is not going well for Germany on the Western Front. Unrestricted submarine warfare appears to some to be a result of German desperation and the belief that the ferocity of such a tactic might just keep America out of the war if the results are spectacular and shocking enough.
Sub1.jpg
spare
EOR
14
1
1917
War
R.E.8 TWO-SEATERS ARRIVING
Although a small number of new Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 aeroplanes have been in action at the front during the last couple of months, their numbers are expected to rise noticeably with production on the increase. Compared to the BE2 that it is intended to replace, its more powerful motor should give better speed and climb, and in particular allow a better payload. The observer will be seated behind the pilot in a better position to operate the defensive machine gun. Unfortunately, initial reports from frontline pilots have not been overly favourable. Common complains are that the machine is far too stable to be defensively maneuvered (like its predecessor), and that it stalls and spins with little warning if airspeed is not kept up.
re8 crew.jpg
spare
EOR
16
1
1917
War
POUR LE MERITE AWARDED 
One of Germany's fastest rising young pilots, Baron Manfred von Richthofen, has been awarded the Pour le Mérite after downing his 16th enemy aircraft earlier this month. In recognition of his leadership and achievements, he is being appointed commanding officer of Jagdstaffel 11, currently located near Douai. He will be taking with him one of the very first of the new Albatros D.III scouts.
richthofen d2.jpg
spare
EOR
27
1
1917
War
PROBLEMS ARISE - ALBATROS D.III
Reports from several Jastas indicate a number of lower wing failures are occurring with the new Albatros D.III fighters when pushed hard in combat. The problem appears to be twisting of the lower wing due to the change to a much weaker sesquiplane / V-strut arrangement. Copying the wing arrangement from the Nieuport appears to have also duplicated the Nieuport's tendency to shed lower wings. Designers of the aircraft are reportedly working feverishly on a fix to reinforce the lower wings. In the meantime, frontline use of the DIII will be curtailed and many pilots will return to flying DII's in the interim.
albatros d3.jpg
spare
EOR
1
2
1917
War
"UNRESTRICTED" U-BOAT WAR BEGINS
Following through on their earlier pronouncements, Germany today resumed its policy of unrestricted U-boat warfare, which it had previously suspended in response to pressure from the United States and other neutral countries. Continued pressure from German navy commanders has convinced the government that the U-boat is an essential component of German war strategy, and that unrestricted warfare against the British supply lines can result in a British surrender by this fall. 
Sub2.jpg
spare
EOR
3
2
1917
War
AMERICA SEVERES RELATIONS
Today, President Woodrow Wilson spoke before a historic session of Congress to announce that the United States is breaking diplomatic relations with Germany due to the reintroduction of the German navy's policy of unlimited submarine warfare. The President maintained that America does not desire any hostile conflict with the German government, but cautioned that war will result if Germany follows through on its threat to sink American ships without warning.
Pres_wilson.jpg
spare
EOR
5
2
1917
War
WILL AMERICA JOIN THE WAR?
The entry of America into the conflict seems ever more likely. Although the possibility heartens the British and French, this has been tempered by a realization that, even with a war declaration, any relief from across the Atlantic will be slow in coming. The British General Staff estimates that no more than 250,000 green US troops could be mustered to Europe within a year of a war declaration.
lust1915.jpg
spare
EOR
6
2
1917
War
GERMAN SUB SINKS U.S. LINER
Less than one week after the German government announced a return to unrestricted submarine warfare, a German submarine has torpedoed and sunk the Anchor Line passenger steamer California off the Irish coast, some 38 miles off Fastnet Island. The explosion of the single torpedo hit was so violent and devastating that the 470-foot, 9,000-ton steamer sank just nine minutes after the attack. Despite desperate S.O.S. calls sent by the crew to ensure the arrival of rescue ships, 38 people drowned after the initial explosion, for a total of 43 dead. This seems a blatant German defiance of Wilson's warning about the consequences of such attacks.
transport_torpedo.jpg
spare
EOR
9
2
1917
War
GUYNEMER DOWNS GOTHA
The German heavy bombers (Gothas) have proven difficult to tackle for Entente pilots, but they are no longer considered immune to interception and attack, courtesy of French pilot George Guynemer. Yesterday, 15 Gotha G.IIIs and 7 fighters were reported crossing the lines at Moncel-sur-Seille. All the Storks scrambled, but only Guynemer and Chainat managed to intercept any of the big planes. Guynemer attacked from the rear and was met by heavy machine gun fire, but managed to score hits on both of the Gotha’s engines. The bomber, riddled with 180 hits, crash-landed at Bouconville and its three-man crew has been taken prisoner. 
Gotha18.jpg
spare
EOR
11
2
1917
War
NEW GERMAN 2-SEATER DEBUTING
The Rumpler C.IV (Rumpler Flugzeugwerke Type 6A7) is beginning to appear in the skies over the Western Front. Its intended roles will be reconnaissance, artillery spotting and as a light bomber. With a 260hp engine, pilots report being impressed with the machines high speed. It is also rumoured to have long range and a high ceiling, which for now, might allow it to operate deep in enemy territory without risk of interception. 
RumplerCiv.jpg
spare
EOR
13
2
1917
War
FRENCH CONCENTRATE FIGHTER UNITS
The French are in the process of forming a new large fighter aircraft unit, the Groupe de Chasse 12 (“The Storks”), by amalgamating 3rd, 26th, 73rd and 103rd fighter squadrons. It is assumed that this move is intended to allow the French to gain local air superiority over specific key battlefronts, as needed, by deploying this powerful unit filled with many of their elite pilots. 
spad7.jpg
spare
EOR
16
2
1917
War
NEW TRIPLE-WINGED FIGHTER
Some British RNAS squadrons are reportedly being outfitted with a new fighter aircraft with three wings. This 'Triplane', as it is logically called, is a Sopwith design. The extra wing is rumoured to provide the craft with an exceptional rate of climb and a high ceiling, both factors designed to yield an advantage over the current Albatros machines. There have been rumours that British mechanics are not quite taken with the machine, as it is apparently rather difficult to repair.
sop_triplane.jpg
spare
EOR
19
2
1917
War
ALBATROS D.III - WING FIX UNDERWAY
Albatros has introduced a reinforced lower wing for the D.III. New production D.III's will already have the strengthened wing, while operational D.III's will be cycled through Armee-Flugparks for modifications. The reinforcement reportedly strengthens the lower wing, but does not entirely eliminate the tendency of the wing to twist under aerodynamic loads. Pilots are therefore being advised not to perform steep or prolonged dives in the D.III.
albatros d3.jpg
spare
EOR
21
2
1917
War
BRITISH ROLL OUT MORE TRIPLANES
British No. 8 Naval Squadron is being fully outfitted with the new Sopwith Triplane and No. 1 Naval Squadron, which has had the new aircraft for a month or two now, is now fully operational at the front. German pilots will be seeing these new triple-winged scouts over the lines with increasing frequency. British pilots are said to be very pleased with these new machines, finding them well-balanced and very nimble. 
sop_triplane.jpg
spare
EOR
23
2
1917
War
BOMBERS HEAD TO FRANCE
No. 100 Sqn arrives in France as the first night bomber squadron. It is equipped with FE2b aircraft. Originally formed at Hingham, Norfolk, the squadron moves to France a month later.
100sqd.jpg
Spare
EOR
24
2
1917
War
BRITISH RECAPTURE KUT, MESPOTAMIA
Ten months after nearly 12,000 British and Indian troops were captured in last year's loss of Kut-al-Amara (considered by many the most humiliating surrender in the history of the British army); Kut has now been recaptured by a British corps commanded by Sir Frederick Maude. The Allied war against Turkish forces appears to be gaining momentum in Mesopotamia as British and Indian troops advance along the Tigris River.
AllenbyJerusalem.jpg
spare
EOR
25
2
1917
War
ALTITUDE RECORD
It is reported that German Navy Zeppelin L-42 has achieved an altitude of 6,005 metres (19,700 feet), which is a new record for an airship.
zepp007.jpg
spare
EOR
27
2
1917
War
JASTAS STRENGTHENED
The German air forces, well equipped since last fall with their fast, twin-gunned Albatros, have profited by the lull in air fighting since the Somme battles wound down last November. They have continued to deploy new Jagdstaffeln manned by hand-picked above-average pilots, and these pilots have had decent training. There is no shortage of easy targets for the German pilots to prey upon, as the British air forces continue to rely heavily on slow and obsolete two-seaters such as the BE2c and even the pusher FE2B for reconnaissance, trench mapping, and artillery spotting. Returning home against a stiff headwind, these aircraft can barely make headway and are easy prey for the Germans. British escorts often consist of older slower machines such as the Pup, which are no longer up to the task of battling the latest German fighting machines.  
Albatros D2.jpg
spare
EOR
1
3
1917
War
GERMANY EYES MEXICAN ALLIANCE
It has been revealed that German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann attempted last month to broker a military alliance with Mexico in the event of war with the United States. In return for attacking the United States, Mexico was promised the return of territory lost during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), including Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, as well as substantial financial assistance. Unbeknownst to the Germans, the coded trans-Atlantic cable sent to Mexico was intercepted and decoded by Britain's Room 40 code breakers and provided to the Americans. The outrage of the American government and people is evident - can a war declaration be far off? 
Pres_wilson.jpg
spare
EOR
3
3
1917
War
SPAD VIIs AVAILABLE IN NUMBERS
SPAD VII production, after a slow and painful expansion that dragged on since last summer, has finally hit full stride and SPAD VII machines are now available in large numbers. This has unfortunately not reversed the German's superiority in the air, for although a match for the Albatros in many respects, it carries only a single Vickers gun compared to the twin Spandaus of the German machine. French pilots can at least feel like they are near an even footing when engaging the enemy machines, and can use the SPAD's speedy diving ability to disengage when disadvantaged. 
spad7.jpg
spare
EOR
6
3
1917
War
THE WAR IN THE AIR
The German Jagdstaffeln continue to inflict significantly higher casualties on the much larger RFC. While new Allied fighters such as the Sopwith Pup, Sopwith Triplane, and SPAD S.VII are in service, their numbers are insufficient and they suffer from inferior firepower. All three are armed with only a single synchronized Vickers machine gun while the Jagdstaffeln continue to receive new Albatros D-series fighters armed with twin guns. The new Albatros D.III, in spite of structural difficulties, is still considered by many to be the best fighting scout on the Western Front.
Jasta D3s.jpg
spare
EOR
8
3
1917
War
ENTENTE AIR FORCES PRESS ON 
The air forces of both the British and the French continue to take a very aggressive stance on the Western Front, constantly carrying out reconnaissance and bombing missions deep into German held territory. RFC commander Major-General Trenchard and his French equivalent Commandant du Peuty both agree that an offensive policy must be maintained whatever the cost. They hope that the sight of constant aircraft overhead will damage the morale of the German soldiers and population, while drawing German aircraft and AA resources away from the front. The Entente has a great advantage in sheer numbers, but the German's technical superiority will mean high casualties for the poor Entente flyers that must carry out this policy.
BE2c.jpg
spare
EOR
10
3
1917
War
AIRCO DH-4 ENTERING SERVICE
The new Airco DH-4 two-seater is arriving at the front with British bomber squadrons. RFC 55, RNAS 2 and RNAS 5 are now in possession of this aircraft, which is the first purpose-designed British bomber of the war. Designed by Geoffrey de Havilland as a light two-seat day bomber, the fitting of a Rolls-Royce Eagle engine has resulted in a very fast and high flying machine. It is rumoured to be so fast, indeed, that it is hoped no German fighter will be able to intercept it.
dh4.jpg
spare
EOR
11
3
1917
War
BRITISH ENTER BAGDAD
Less than two weeks after their victorious recapture of the strategically placed city of Kut-al-Amara on the Tigris River in Mesopotamia, British forces under the regional command of Sir Frederick Stanley Maude today entered Baghdad, after their Turkish opponents made a full-scale evacuation in the face of far greater numbers of British and Indian soldiers.
Vilna.jpg
spare
EOR
14
3
1917
War
GERMANS FALL BACK TO NEW LINE
German armies in the Somme region have begun a strategic withdrawal to new powerful defenses intended to straighten and shorten their lines along easily defended ground. This new defensive position has been dubbed the Hindenburg Line. The Germans are reportedly carrying out a scorched earth policy as they pull back, blasting roads, felling trees, poisoning water-wells, and booby-trapping dugouts.
GMSQ.bmp
spare
EOR
15
3
1917
War
ABDICATION OF THE CZAR
Nicholas II has abdicated his position as Russian Czar, in the face of worker strikes and widespread discontent due to food shortages and a string of devastating military defeats on the Eastern Front. The joining of the strike by the army garrison at Petrograd seems to have forced the abdication. Nicholas and his family are reportedly being held in the Czarskoye Selo Palace.
Tanburg.jpg
spare
EOR
17
3
1917
War
ZEPPLINS ONCE AGAIN OVER ENGLAND
Last night saw the first Zeppelin raid this year. The large craft reportedly flew at very high altitude (up to 19,000 feet, 5800 metres), in hopes of remaining above of the reach of British air defenses. This appears to have worked, as no Zeppelins were lost over England, however, most bombs fell on open countryside and did almost no damage.
zepp007.jpg
spare
EOR
18
3
1917
War
BRITISH FORCES ENTER PÉRONNE
British troops today entered the town of Peronne in the Somme region, cautiously following the Germans armies that are pulling-back to new defenses along the Hindenburg Line.
mf_highlanders_01.jpg
spare
EOR
23
3
1917
War
NEW NIGHT BOMBING SQN IN FRANCE
RFC Squadron 100 is now in France and equipped with FE2b aircraft pulled from daylight service with other units and now being outfitted for night attacks. The idea of night bombing is considered folly by some, but the men of Sq 100 appear eager to prove the concept. 
100sqd.jpg
spare
EOR
27
3
1917
War
HEAVY BOMBERS EVENING CAMPAIGN
RNAS Handley Page 0/100 bombers are reported to be initiating regular nighttime attacks on German naval bases, rail facilities, and industrial targets. These attacks are hoped to disrupt the chain of supplies reaching the fighting front.
handley.jpg
spare
EOR
2
4
1917
War
WILSON REQUESTS WAR PERMISSION
President Woodrow Wilson has officially requested the approval of Congress for a declaration of war against the German Government. The request is expected to have little opposition and an official declaration of war within days appears likely.
Pres_wilson.jpg
spare
EOR
3
4
1917
War
GERMAN AIR TACTICS EFFECTIVE
Outnumbered in the air by 4:1, the German Jastas nevertheless are exerting an outsized effect in the air.  They are employing sophisticated opportunism tactics, using their fast formations of Albatros fighters to intercept Entente formations that venture over the lines.  The packs of Albatros attack when they encounter the British or French flying in smaller groups or with inferior airplanes, and aggressively engage until all their victims have been destroyed. If they encounter superior numbers or better aircraft then they disengage away with the Albatros' superior speed. The only aircraft that seems to seriously frighten the German pilots is the Sopwith Triplane.
albatros d3.jpg
spare
EOR
4
4
1917
War
US SENATE VOTES FOR WAR
President Wilson's war request has been passed by the Senate, 86 votes to 6.
wilson1916.jpg
spare
EOR
5
4
1917
War
RFC TO RECEIVE BRISTOL F.2B
New Bristol F.2b two-seaters have been arriving in France since last month and are expected to be in combat soon, if they are not already. This machine is intended to replace the obsolete BE2c for reconnaissance work. Rumour has it that the machine is not structurally strong, but this is apparently not a concern, as the machines will use close-formation tactics for defense and maneuvering will be kept to a minimum.
F2b.jpg
spare
EOR
6
4
1917
War
BRITAIN'S FIRST NIGHT BOMBING RAID
The RFC's newly formed night bombing squadron (Sq 100) last night began operations. Eleven FE2b aircraft attacked Douai airfield, harassing Manfred von Richthofen's 'Flying Circus'. Four hangers were reportedly set ablaze.
100sqd.jpg
spare
EOR
7
4
1917
War
AMERICA DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY
Yesterday, the US House of representatives voted 373 to 50 in favour of war, and a declaration of war against the German government is official. It has long been expected, and now America will be in the fray. In an attempt to avoid  broadening the conflict, the declaration of war does not include Austria-Hungary or other German allies at this time. At the time of the declaration of war, the United States military has less than 300 aircraft, none of them combat types, and only 35 qualified pilots. American combat troops are not expected to arrive in Europe until sometime next year.
usatowar.jpg
spare
EOR
8
4
1917
War
TERRIBLE BRITISH AIR LOSSES
British flyers have been extremely busy in the last few days in the area around Arras, conducting constant reconnaissance flights. German army commanders are suspicious that this is a lead up to some kind of big push on the ground. All this activity has come at a great cost, with the British losing a frightening number of aircraft. In the last five days, about 75 British aircraft and their 105 crewmembers have been shot down. Making things even worse, about 56 aircraft have been crashed and written off during the same five days due to poor pilot training and bad weather. Replacement British pilots are now arriving with only about 10 hours of solo flight under their belt, and have often not even flown the type of aircraft to which they will be assigned.
crashsite.jpg
spare
EOR
9
4
1917
War
BATTLE FOR ARRAS BEGINS
A new offensive is underway in the Arras area, under the overall direction of charismatic French commander Robert Nivelle. The British army has also begun offensive operations at Vimy Ridge, approximately 12 kilometres northeast of Arras, possibly with the aim of pulling German reserve troops away from the French sector. German forces seized control of the ridge in September 1914 and have constructed deep defensive positions, including bunkers, caves, passages, and artillery-proof trenches, all of which are heavily protected by concrete machine gun emplacements. French attempts to grab control of the ridge in 1915 were bloodily repulsed with the loss of some 150,000 French soldiers. The current attack has been preceded by a massive three-week artillery barrage. 
canadians.jpg
spare
EOR
10
4
1917
War
LARGE NUMBER OF AIRCRAFT - ARRAS
About 25 British squadrons are reported to be in action as part of the newly launched Arras offensive. Half of these aircraft are single-seater scouts. The British craft appear to outnumber the Germans by a ratio of about 4:1. Fighter aircraft number about 385 for the RAF and RNAS and about 115 for the Germans.  The Germans remain superior in most aspects, however, as the Albatros DII and DIII fighters outclass most of the Entente machines, with perhaps the exception of the SPAD VII and Sopwith Triplane.  The Germans have a defensive strategy, staying largely on their side of the lines, but combine that with aggressive tactics. The German pilots are highly confident and well trained, while most British pilots have received rushed training in the scurry to get pilots to the front in large numbers.  
Jasta D3s.jpg
spare
EOR
11
4
1917
War
NEW BRITISH FIGHTER 
The Royal Aircraft Factory's new S.E.5 single-seat fighter will reportedly soon be seen in action over the Western Front. Initial reports are that this craft is easy to fly and very fast, with a strong airframe. It is powered by a geared 200 hp Hispano-Suiza 8b. Getting mass production up to speed is apparently being hampered by the very limited supply of these French-built engines. 
SE5.jpg
spare
EOR
12
4
1917
War
VIMY RIDGE TAKEN
In a stunning surprise, the Canadian Corps today swept up and over the previously impregnable defenses at Vimy Ridge, in the Arras Sector. Troops followed closely behind a massive creeping barrage and achieved most of their objectives with a few hours. The entire Douai plain is now open before the Canadian Corps, but the breakthrough cannot be exploited because the battle area is so blasted that artillery cannot be moved forward. Neither have Generals Haig and Nivelle made any preparation for a breakthrough as they felt a victory here to be unlikely. The victory did not come without cost. 10,602 Canadians were wounded during the attack, and 3,598 killed. The opposing German force suffered even more heavily, with over 20,000 casualties.
vimy.jpg
spare
EOR
13
4
1917
War
FLYING BOATS SCOUT FOR SUBS
RNAS flying boats have begun flying patrols over the North Sea, searching for German subs. Four such aircraft can reportedly search a 4,000 square kilometer area of ocean in only five hours. These flights are known to personnel as 'Spider Web' patrols, as the search pattern is shaped somewhat like a spider's web.
Curtis H-12.jpg
spare
EOR
14
4
1917
War
AIR LOSSES MOUNT
British aircrews are successfully carrying out their important duties over the Arras battlefield, but at high cost. Artillery spotting, aerial photography, bombing, and contact patrols continue to be flown in the face of mounting losses. Although the German fighters have ascendancy in air combat, they are acting in a defensive manner, generally flying behind their own lines and letting the British come to them. The current life expectancy of a British pilot at the front is only 23 days.
airfight.jpg
spare
EOR
15
4
1917
War
RAW RECRUITS INTO AIR BATTLE
British squadron commanders are expressing concern at the general inexperience of replacement pilots arriving daily to replace losses. There appears to be little chance for new pilots to have much training before being thrown into the meat-grinder of what has become a very bloody April. This appears to be a self-perpetuating problem, as these newest pilots are the ones being killed in the greatest numbers, often within days of arrival. German pilot training by comparison seems to be more thorough and less hurried.
training.jpg
spare
EOR
16
4
1917
War
SECOND BATTLE OF THE AISNE BEGINS
The French have now moved into action as part of a massive offensive planned by General Nivelle. They are assaulting along an 80 kilometre front from Soissons to Reims, against the German-occupied Chemin des Dames ridge. Nivelle has reportedly bragged that this hammer blow will break through the German lines within 48 hours. However, rumours abound that French security has been lax and the Germans, dug-in deeply along lines entrenched since 1914, have been aware of this pending attack for some time. The French have about 130 aircraft in action, including Caudrons and Strutters for artillery spotting and reconnaissance, and several Escadrilles of Nieuports and SPADS to protect them and clear the skies of Germans. So far, the Germans retain fighter supremacy in the area, and they are unlikely to relinquish it easily.
french attack.jpg
spare
EOR
17
4
1917
War
LITTLE HEADWAY IN FRENCH ATTACKS
General Nivelle's use of tanks in great numbers for the first time has had little effect. Of 132 tanks engaged at the Aisne, 57 have been destroyed and 64 more are bogged down in the mud. French infantry casualties are appalling, with 40,000 dead, injured, and missing already. This appears to be a catastrophe on par with that experienced by the British during the first days of the Somme. The Germans are deeply entrenched in quarries beneath the Chemain des Dames Ridge, they have extensive machine-gun emplacements, and the weather is poor for attack.
french troops2.jpg
spare
EOR
18
4
1917
War
BRITISH AIR LOSSES APPALLING
The RFC, supporting the ongoing Arras offensive, have lost 140 aircraft in the first half of this month—out of an initial strength of 365. German losses are less than a quarter of this. It is hard to imagine that the British can persevere in the face of such losses. The bravery required of British aircrews venturing out to face such odds of death seems remarkable. 
flamed.jpg
spare
EOR
19
4
1917
War
FRENCH ASSAULT GRINDS ON
In the Aisne sector, the decisive breakthrough predicted by General Nivelle has failed to materialize. A modest advance of 7 kilometres has been achieved at high cost. Although 20,000 German prisoners have been captured along with many artillery pieces, the results are far short of Nivelle's grand promises.
Battle of Mount Sorrel.jpg
spare
EOR
20
4
1917
War
NIVELLE CALLS OFF OFFENSIVE
General Nivelle has called a halt to his grand offensive, due to high casualties and lack of a breakthrough. Different sources give different casualty figures for the battle, but by now, it is possible that as many as 187,000 casualties have been suffered by the French (with official figures much lower). In five days on the Aisne, the French have lost as many men as in a month at Verdun. This may prove to be too much for the French soldier to endure. The over-confident Nivelle had promised a war-winning offensive and a rapid breakthrough.  Instead, discontent is beginning to rise in the army, manifesting itself as a reluctance to go into the front line. For the first time, the French high command has to consider the serious possibility of widespread mutiny breaking out among the ranks of the battered French army.
french1.jpg
spare
EOR
21
4
1917
War
BRISTOL F.2B GAINING RESPECT
Contrary to initial rumours, the new 'Brisfit' (as aircrews have nicknamed her) has been found to be powerful and maneuverable. Pilots are abandoning the idea of flying the machine in level formation and relying only on the rear gunners for protection. Instead, pilots have discovered that they can dogfight with the best of the German scouts, using their forward gun as the main weapon yet having the bonus of a rear gun as a 'sting in the tail'. 
F2b.jpg
spare
EOR
22
4
1917
War
TRIPLANES EQUIP MORE RNAS UNITS
The British are desperate to get improved aircraft into the hands of their pilots, to stem the carnage being inflicted by the German Jastas. The new Sopwith Triplane has proven to be a match, if not the better, of the German Albatros and these new machines are rumoured to be in the hands of British Naval Squadrons Nos. 9 and 10 as of this month. 
sop_triplane.jpg
spare
EOR
23
4
1917
War
NEW BREGUET ORDERED EN MASSE 
After successful flight-testing, the French have ordered close to 600 of Louis Breguet's new Type 14 two-seater reconnaissance aircraft. Production is underway and the first planes are expected to arrive with front-line units next month. Details of the new aircraft's performance are a closely guarded secret, but rumours say it is a large aircraft utilitarian-looking craft fitted with a powerful Renault engine. This would appear to make it a vastly different machine compared to the Sopwith Strutter it will be replacing.
Breguet14.jpg
spare
EOR
24
4
1917
War
THE END OF THE SOLITARY HUNTER
April 1917 has truly seen the end of the solitary hunter; the lone ace on the prowl is a fast fading concept. Group tactics are now the norm, with ever larger formations of planes taking to the air. This is purely a means of survival for the British and French, as the German hunting groups will simply decimate any small groups of planes they come upon. As a result, the Germans are hunting in larger and larger groups to maintain the advantage. It is becoming the time of the wolf pack, and the lone wolf pilot may soon be an extinct species.  
Jasta D3s.jpg
spare
EOR
25
4
1917
War
NIVELLE SACKED - MORALE BREAKING
General Nivelle has reportedly been dismissed as Commander in Chief of French forces, effective today. The high casualty rate among French forces during the recent ill-fated Nivelle Offensive, combined with the effects of earlier exhausting battles at Verdun appear to be leading to sharply increased discontent among the French soldiers on the Western Front. Isolated reports of mutiny among some French troops are on the rise.
mulhouse.jpg
spare
EOR
28
4
1917
War
GERMAN ACES RACK UP KILLS
With a combination of tactical skill and better aircraft, German fighter pilots have dealt a serious defeat to the Entente air efforts during the recent fighting. Jagdstaffel 11, lead by Manfred von Richthofen, has been at the forefront of the attack, downing over 80 aircraft so far this month. The last month has been a bloody April for the British indeed. Richthofen himself has downed about 20 aircraft in this month alone. Other notable aces in Jasta 11 include Kurt Wolff, Lothar von Richthofen, and Karl Schaeffer, all with over 15 kills apiece. 
richthofen d2.jpg
spare
EOR
1
5
1917
War
BRIT AIR LOSSES REACH NEW HIGHS
British aircraft losses for the month of April have approached 250, compared to the loss of only 66 aircraft for the Germans. It has been a very bloody April for the British, however, the stoic aircrews have continued to support the army and complete their missions despite the carnage. Morale is suffering and the need for improved British machines that can match the deadly Albatros scouts in combat is apparent. 
Albatros D2.jpg
spare
EOR
3
5
1917
War
NEW ZEPPELIN STRATEGY
German Navy Zeppelins have been spotted prowling over the North Sea off the coast of Scotland. It may be that after failing to make effective attacks against British land targets, the Germans are switching some of the Zeppelins to naval reconnaissance.
zep2.jpg
spare
EOR
5
5
1917
War
ZEPPELIN BOMBS BRITISH NAVY SHIPS
German Navy Zeppelin L.43, patrolling the North Sea near Dogger Bank, has bombed a force of British light cruisers and destroyers at sea. Three 110-lb bombs were reportedly dropped. The HMS Dublin was struck by bomb splinters, but no serious damage was inflicted.
Grand_Fleet_sails.jpg
spare
EOR
6
5
1917
War
FIRST BREGUET 14's REACH THE FRONT
The first of the new Breguet 14 aircraft have arrived at the front. With an extensively louvered front cowling and a distinctive frontal radiator, this large utilitarian looking machine will be easy to distinguish in the air. The structure is said to be mainly of duralumin and steel with a fabric covering, making for a rugged airframe that can absorb a lot of punishment. She is a well armed craft, with the observer wielding a pair of Vickers machine guns and the pilot having a fixed Vickers gun mounted on the left side of the fuselage. A 238kW Renault 12Fe engine is rumoured to provide good speed and climb characteristics. 
Breguet14.jpg
spare
EOR
7
5
1917
War
AIRCO DH-5 ENTERING SERVICE
A new single-seat scout, intended to replace the aging DH2, is now said to be arriving at the front. The Airco DH.5 is a bit unconventional, with its upper wing staggered back behind the lower wing. Pilots have expressed misgivings about the unusual arrangement and the creation of a blind spot to attacks from above and behind. Although maneuverable, pilots also are complaining that performance drops off rapidly at higher altitudes, and that the machine loses altitude rapidly during maneuvers. The general consensus seems to be that the machine is better suited to ground attack than dog-fighting. Perhaps it will be transferred to these types of duties when more of the excellent S.E.5 machines become available.
dh5.jpg
spare
EOR
8
5
1917
War
DEATH OF ALBERT BALL - DETAILS
Additional details are now coming to light regarding the death yesterday of star RFC aviator Albert Ball (44 victories). In a large engagement between S.E.5's of No.56 Squadron and Albatros machines of Jasta 11, planes were scattered and Ball became engaged in a dogfight with young Lothar von Richthofen. Ball's plane entered a large thundercloud and soon after was seen to drop out of the cloud, inverted and with a dead engine, only 200 feet above the ground. Examination of his body in the wreckage showed no signs of bullet wounds. 
ball.jpg
spare
EOR
11
5
1917
War
NEW FRENCH FIGHTER AIRCRAFT
New SPAD XIII fighters have begun to arrive at the front. This larger and heavier replacement for the SPAD VII is said to be fast and strongly built with a good rate of climb. Like its predecessor, the machine is not very maneuverable, and is reported to be tricky to fly at slow speeds. Armament has been increased to two Vickers guns with 400 rounds each. A geared Hispano-Suiza engine is reported to provide ample power.
spad 13.jpg
spare
EOR
13
5
1917
War
AIRCO DH-4 USE EXPANDS
The Airco DH-4, introducing into service a couple of months ago, has proven to be an excellent bomber and reconnaissance aircraft and the British will be expanding its use to more squadrons right away. The aircraft has proven to be so fast that it can fly unescorted, with little fear of interception by German fighters. It is reportedly easy to fly, with a light balanced feel. The only negative reported by aircrews is the difficulty of communication between pilot and rear gunner due to their wide separation (the large main fuel tank is located between the two occupants). 
dh4.jpg
spare
EOR
15
5
1917
War
PETAIN NAMED FRENCH CHIEF
Following the sacking of Neville three weeks ago, Henri-Phillippe Petain has been named as French Commander-in-Chief. Petain has a reputation for deep concern for the lives of his soldiers, an attribute of great importance with regard to quelling the recent increase in mutinies within the French Army. It is expected that his immediate focus will not be on any offensive actions, but rather restricting the army to defensive actions while improving living conditions for the troops and rebuilding morale.
Petain.jpg
spare
EOR
16
5
1917
War
RNAS FLYING-BOAT DOWNS ZEP
Two days ago, a RNAS Curtis H-12 piloted by Flight Commander Robert Leckie downed Zeppelin L.22 off the coast of Holland. This is believed to be the first known instance of a flying boat successfully attacking one of the large airships.
Curtis H-12.jpg
spare
EOR
19
5
1917
War
JOHN PERSHING COMMANDS AEF
The American Expeditionary Force is now under the command of General John 'Black Jack' Pershing. Pershing, formerly a major general, has been promoted to full general and given responsibility for the organization, training, and supply of a combined professional and draft Army and National Guard force that must now grow from about 27,000 inexperienced men to form an army that will possibly contain over two million soldiers.
pershing.jpg
spare
EOR
21
5
1917
War
SPAD VII - FIVE HUNDERD MACHINES
There are currently about 500 SPAD VII fighters in action along French sections of the Western Front. As the main bulwark of the French against the latest crop of German fighters, the SPAD does not outclass its opponents but has held it's own in the sky. Sheer numbers now are now a factor, and the days of the Albatros's reign could be slowly ending. With the new SPAD XIII now appearing, we might be seeing the peak of the SPAD VII's presence on at the front, but they will be required to soldier on for many months yet as France's main-line fighting machine.
spad7.jpg
spare
EOR
23
5
1917
War
BOMBARDMENT AT MESSINES RIDGE
It is reported that the British, under General Sir Herbert Plumer, have begun hammering Messines Ridge with over 2300 guns and 300 heavy mortars. This strategic ridge, which overlooks the Ypres salient from the south-east, has been held by the German Army since 1914. This bombardment seems likely to signal an impending attack. British air superiority is allowing observation planes to aid targeting. The Richthofen Circus is reported to be in the area trying to turn this tide. 
heavy guns.jpg
spare
EOR
24
5
1917
War
ZEPPELIN ATTACK
Last night saw six German Navy Zeppelins attempt to bomb London from high altitude. Due to bad weather, bombs were scattered into open countryside. Mechanical problems and altitude sickness in the crews were also experienced. It is rumoured that the Kaiser has lost faith in the effectiveness of Zeppelin raids, although the navy still believes they serve a purpose by tying up British fighters and guns that would otherwise be engaged at the front. 
BlythGermanZeppelinRaid.jpg
spare
EOR
26
5
1917
War
GOTHAS ATTACK BRITISH HOMELAND
Yesterday saw 23 Gotha G.IV bombers attack the British homeland. The intended target appears to have been London, but clouds over the city diverted the attack to the channel port of Folkestone and the army camp at Shorncliffe. About 400 persons were killed or injured on the ground. RNAS Sopwith Pups engaged the returning bombers near the Belgian coast, downing one. This one bomber raid has done more damage than all the Zeppelin raids of the war to date combined. The displacement of the Zeppelin raids in favour of bomber attacks seems inevitable.
Gotha18.jpg
spare
EOR
27
5
1917
War
FRENCH MUTINIES ON THE INCREASE
Isolated mutinies within the French Army have suddenly turned widespread. Numerous units are reportedly leaving the front lines, or refusing orders to move up to the front. Most mutineers are veteran soldiers that have come to believe that the attacks they are ordered to make are futile.
french troops.jpg
spare
EOR
29
5
1917
War
UPDATED ALBATROS ENTERS SERVICE
A new Albatros model is reported to be coming into service. The D.V closely resembles the existing D.III and uses the same engine and wings. The most notable difference is a new fuselage that is 32 kg (70 lb) lighter. The rudder is a bit larger, as are the spinner and ventral fin. German pilots are looking for this machine to reverse the tide against recent improved Entente machines like the S.E.5, Camel and SPAD XIII.
albatros d5.jpg
spare
EOR
1
6
1917
War
MESSINE BOMBARDMENT INTENSIFIES
Front line observers report that the heavy bombardment of Messines Ridge near Ypres by the British Second Army is intensifying. Nearly every German defensive position on the forward slope appears to have been obliterated. German front line battalions are being changed every two days, rather than the usual five, due to the terrible effects of the shelling.
Germans1.jpg
spare
EOR
2
6
1917
War
AIRCRAFT STOP SUPPLIES
An attack on a British supply train by German aircraft disrupted the flow of British ammunition to the front yesterday, forcing British artillery to cease their intense bombardment at Messines Ridge for several hours. This newly demonstrated ability of aircraft to interrupt the flow of supplies to the front will, no doubt, be of interest to both sides and these types of air interdiction missions could become common in the future. 
train.jpg
spare
EOR
3
6
1917
War
SOPWITH CAMEL ENTERING SERVICE
A new Sopwith single-seat scout known as the Camel is said to be entering service this month. Reports from British pilots making initial test flights indicate that this machine is not easy to fly, but it is expected to out-maneuver all opposing aircraft because rapid turns are apparently aided by the torque of its rotary engine. 
camel.jpg
spare
EOR
4
6
1917
War
GERMAN REPLY AT MESSINES RIDGE
In an attempt to reduce the artillery onslaught at Messine Ridge, the Germans are making a concerted counter-battery attempt. As many as 60 German observation planes are reportedly being escorted by up to seven fighters apiece, to get them over the British lines to direct fire on the British guns.
deutscher_moerser1.jpg
spare
EOR
5
6
1917
War
GOTHAS RETURN TO RAID ENGLAND
Gotha bombers today attacked England, diverting from the initial target of London to drop bombs on Sheerness. Damage was not extensive but British morale may be shaken by these new attacks directly in the heartland of Britain. 
gotha.jpg
spare
EOR
7
6
1917
War
MESSINES - HUGE MINES EXPLODED
In early morning hours today, nineteen massive underground mines, containing over 600 tonnes of explosives, were detonated under German lines along Messines Ridge. The ridge, a natural stronghold southeast of Ypres, has been held by the Germans since late 1914. Thousands of German troops who had rushed to man defensive positions along the ridge in preparation for an expected massive British attack, are reported to have died instantly, either vaporized or buried. Nine divisions of British, French, and Anzac troops swept forward behind a creeping barrage and took large portions of the ridge, achieving all objectives by mid-afternoon today. Observation aircraft appear to be playing a very active role, tracking the advance and providing rapid reports to command posts regarding troop movements and directing artillery strikes to break up German counterattacks. 
Hawthorn mine.jpg
spare
EOR
8
6
1917
War
BALL RECEIVES POSTUMUS VC
For most conspicuous and consistent bravery from the 25th of April to the 6th of May, 1917, during which period Capt. Ball took part in twenty-six combats in the air and destroyed eleven hostile aeroplanes, drove down two out of control, and forced several others to land. In these combats Capt. Ball, flying alone, on one occasion fought six hostile machines, twice he fought five and once four. When leading two other British aeroplanes he attacked an enemy formation of eight. On each of these occasions, he brought down at least one enemy. Several times his aeroplane was badly damaged, once so seriously that but for the most delicate handling his machine would have collapsed, as nearly all the control wires had been shot away. On returning with a damaged machine, he had always to be restrained from immediately going out on another.
ball.jpg
spare
EOR
9
6
1917
War
MASS ARRESTS WITHIN FRENCH RANKS
French military authorities yesterday began decisive actions regarding mutinous troops. Thousands of troops, as selected by their own officers and NCOs, have been arrested and will be tried at various counceils de guerre (courts-martial). Some are likely to be shot for mutiny, however, person's in the know suspect that Petain's policy to mend morale rather than aggravate it will mean that many sentences might eventually be commuted to hard labour. 
franseexecutie.jpg
spare
EOR
11
6
1917
War
ALBATROS WING PROBLEMS PERSIST
Like the D.III before it, the new Albatros D.V has been experiencing structural failures of the lower wing, and indeed some personnel are suggesting that the new machine is actually more prone to wing failures than its predecessor. There have even been some failures of the outboard sections of the upper wing, requiring additional wire bracing to be added. Even worse, German pilots are increasingly expressing dismay at the lack of improvement in performance over the older model. They consider the machine obsolete and quite inferior to the machines of their foes.
albatros d5.jpg
spare
EOR
13
6
1917
War
GOTHA RAID ON LONDON, CASUALTIES
Almost 600 civilians were either killed or injured in London today in a deadly daylight raid by 18 Gotha bombers. No Gothas were lost. Unaware of the danger, citizens actually crowded into the streets to watch the enemy planes. This ability to attack the cities of opposing nations from the air and wantonly kill civilians seems to herald a new and horrific chapter in the annals of warfare. 
gothas.jpg
spare
EOR
15
6
1917
War
ZEP L.43 DOWNED OVER NORTH SEA
A RNAS Curtis flying-boat shot down German Naval Zeppelin L.43 in flames yesterday over the north sea. The Zeppelin's entire crew was killed.
Curtis H-12.jpg
spare
EOR
17
6
1917
War
ZEPPELINS ATTACK BRITISH HOMELAND
Last night, five German Navy Zeppelins attempted a high-altitude raid on southern England. A munitions dump was hit and caused heavy damage at Ramsgate naval base. RFC interceptors shot down one Zeppelin.
zepwreck.jpg
spare
EOR
18
6
1917
War
GOTHAS HIT KENT, ESSEX AND LONDON
In a bold daylight raid, over twenty Gotha bombers attacked the above captioned British cities, killing over 160 people and injuring about 430 more. There are no reports of any losses within the attacking flights.
Gotha18.jpg
spare
EOR
19
6
1917
War
DH-4's CONTINUE TO ARRIVE
Things continue to look up for British bomber crews, as additional squadrons receive the excellent Airco DH-4. Even when fully loaded with bombs, it has impressive performance; its speed and altitude give a good deal of invulnerability to German fighter interception. It is proving to be highly popular with its crews, being easy to fly and quite reliable.
dh4.jpg
spare
EOR
20
6
1917
War
BRITISH WOMEN GET THE VOTE
Yesterday, the British House of Commons voted by 385 to 55 to accept the women’s suffrage clause within the "Representation of the People" Bill. Women over 30 years of age will be allowed to vote if they are either a member or married to a member of the Local Government Register, a property owner, or a graduate voting in a University constituency. The bill still has to pass through the House of Lords, but Lord Curzon, the president of the National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage does not want to clash with the Commons and has said that he will not oppose the bill.
factorywomen.jpg
spare
EOR
21
6
1917
War
ROYAL FLYING CORPS TO DOUBLE
At yesterday's meeting of the British war cabinet, it was decided to increase the size of the RFC from 108 squadrons to 200 squadrons. Most of the increase is slated to consist of bomber aircraft.
RAF1april.jpg
spare
EOR
23
6
1917
War
SPADS PROVING UNRELIABLE
Although giving the SPADS XIII outstanding performance, the geared Hispano-Suiza engines are proving to be unreliable, suffering from poor lubrication and vibration. This is reported to be significantly affecting serviceability, and some officials have declared the SPAD incapable of giving dependable service. It is rumoured that about two-thirds of SPAD fighters at the front are out of use at any one time due to engine problems.
spad 13.jpg
spare
EOR
24
6
1917
War
JASTAS JOINED IN JAGDGESCHWADER
It has become apparent to the German High Command that they will always be outnumbered in air operations over the Western Front. The average Jasta can only muster six or eight aircraft in total for a patrol, and often face one Allied formation after another. In order to maintain some impact and local command of the air, Jastas are to be grouped into larger, composite groups. The first official grouping of Jastas is JG 1, consisting of Jastas 4, 6, 10 and 11 and commanded by Manfred von Richthofen. Its role will reportedly be to achieve localized air superiority wherever it is sent and to deny Allied air operations over a specific location. The unit is to be highly mobile, and be able to relocate at short notice
Jasta D3s.jpg
spare
EOR
26
6
1917
War
FIRST AMERICAN TROOPS IN FRANCE
The first American troops have crossed the Atlantic and arrived in France. About 14,000 'doughboys' disembarked in the port of Saint Nazaire, with an enthusiastic crowd of French civilians gathering to welcome them. It will be some time before these troops see front line action, as they will be receiving much additional training and new equipment in the coming months. 
usatowar.jpg
spare
EOR
28
6
1917
War
TAKEOFF AT SEA
Royal Naval Air Service Flight Commander F. J. Rutland has successfully taken off in a Sopwith Pup from a flying-off platform mounted on the roof of one of HMS Yarmouth's gun turrets. This is believed to be the first such successful launch of an aircraft from a ship in history.
dunning.jpg
spare
EOR
1
7
1917
War
NEW RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE BEGINS
Russian troops have attacked the Austro-Hungarian and German forces in Galicia, pushing toward Lvov. Initial reports indicate a Russian success as the result of powerful bombardment, such as has never been witnessed before on the Russian front. This is the first major attack undertaken by the Russian army since the abdication of the Czar. The Austrian armies have not proven capable of resisting this bombardment, and a broad gap in their lines has allowed the Russians to advance without encountering any resistance. It is expected that German forces are moving to block the advance and may prove harder to rout.
BtofTannenberg.jpg
spare
EOR
4
7
1917
War
BRITISH SQUADRONS GET CAMELS
The new Sopwith Camel has proven to have better maneuverability than the current Albatros variants, giving British pilots an edge in aerial combat. With every passing week, more and more Camels have been arriving at the front. Several British squadrons (both RFC and RNAS) have now been equipped with this new scout as a replacement for the less well armed and slower Pup and Triplane. The number of Camel-equipped squadrons is expected to continue to rise. 
camel.jpg
spare
EOR
7
7
1917
War
GOTHAS OVER LONDON AGAIN
In what is becoming a repeating news story, 22 Gotha bombers today attacked London, killing 54 and injuring 190. Surprisingly, it appears than many of the casualties have actually resulted from falling anti-aircraft shells. Over one hundred fighter sorties were flown in an attempt to intercept the bombers. One Gotha was shot down for a loss of two British fighters.
Gotha18.jpg
spare
EOR
12
7
1917
War
THE WAR IN THE AIR
The pendulum of air war superiority continues to swing in favour of the Allies. The British Sopwith Camel and S.E.5a and the French SPAD S.XIII, all fitted with two forward firing machine guns, are becoming available in greater and greater numbers. The two-seater squadrons in the RFC have been outfitted with the R.E.8, which is far less vulnerable than the BE.2e they replaced, and the Bristol F.2b is proving to be a dangerous opponent. On the German side, the latest Albatros (the D.V) has proved to be a disappointment.
camel.jpg
spare
EOR
17
7
1917
War
SPAD PRODUCTION LAGS
Contrary to expectations, production and delivery of SPAD S.XIII fighters has been dismally slow. Only a few hundred have been put into service, far below planned production. Officials have not been forthcoming with details of the reasons for the shortfall.
spad 13.jpg
spare
EOR
19
7
1917
War
BRITISH BOMBARDMENT NEAR YPRES
A heavy bombardment began yesterday, with about 3,000 British artillery guns blasting the German lines east of Ypres and west of the small town of Passchendaele. Reports from the German side of the line indicate that they feel this is an obvious sign of an impending attack.
heavy guns.jpg
spare
EOR
23
7
1917
War
BOMBARDMENT CONTINUES
The British heavy bombardment in the Ypres sector continued yesterday. Over two million shells have blasted the German lines over the last five days.
somme bombardment.jpg
spare
EOR
25
7
1917
War
KERENSKY CAMPAIGN COLLAPSES
The Russian Provisional Government's decision to continue the war following the deposition of the Czar appears now to have been a grave mistake. The recently renewed offensive, personally directed by new War Minister Kerensky, has faltered. The Germans and Austro-Hungarians have now counterattacked, meeting little resistance and advancing through Galicia and Ukraine as far as the Zbruch River. The Russian lines have completely broken and the Russians have retreated about 240 kilometers in the last few days. The only limit to the German advance appears to be the lack of the logistical means to occupy more territory. On the Russian home front, the peasant population remains deeply unhappy with the hardships of war and the severe lack of food.
GMSQ.bmp
spare
EOR
28
7
1917
War
BRITISH BOMBARDMENT ONGOING
It is reported that more than four million shells have now been lobbed onto the German frontline positions near Passchendaele. The front has reportedly been heavily battered, however, German defenses are present to a depth of many miles and are rumoured to be fully prepared for an attack.
mort-homme.jpg
spare
EOR
30
7
1917
War
GREAT ALLIED ATTACK AROUND YPRES
A major infantry attack was launched across an 11-mile front near Ypres this morning. The attack was spearheaded by Gough's Fifth Army in the centre, with the French First Army on their right and the British Second Army on the left. Initial reports are that only small gains have been made. The salient has already been fought over numerous times in the last couple of years with both sides taking and then losing the village. 
Guards at Flers-Courcelette.jpg
spare
EOR
1
8
1917
War
SMALL GAINS IN YPRES ATTACK
Little ground has been gained in the new Allied offensive around Ypres. Some success has been had in the north portion of the 11-mile front, where a penetration of about 2,500 yards has been made. Plumer's Second Army in the south has been trying to drive east on the Menin Road but are meeting heavy resistance. 
Pozieres.jpg
spare
EOR
2
8
1917
War
PILOT LANDS ON SHIP
Squadron Commander E. H. Dunning has successfully landed an aircraft on the HMS Furious, a new aircraft carrying ship or "aircraft carrier" that has been constructed by placing a 228 feet by 50 feet deck on a battlecruiser. This appears to be a novel solution to the problem of retrieving aircraft at sea, so that planes do not have to ditch or fly back to dry land. The ship sailed directly into a 19-knot wind at top speed (21 knots), so that the combined speed matched his Pup's 40 knot landing speed. Dunning then flew alongside the Furious, and as he lowered his speed, began to virtually hover in relation to the deck. He then side-slipped over the ship while waiting crewmen grabbed prepared ropes and pulled the plane down as Dunning cut the engine.
dunning.jpg
spare
EOR
3
8
1917
War
DOWNPOUR HAMPERS IN YPRES 
The Ypres area is being deluged by heavy rains, greatly limiting the ability of the Ypres offensive to make headway. In addition to taking place over reclaimed marshland, heavy shelling has churned up the land and destroyed all drainage, creating thousands of craters, which are quickly filling up with water, making them useless for cover. The heavy Flanders soils are turning to a thick sticky mud. Horses, carts, and tanks are bogging down in the muck, and soldiers have even drowned in it. 
pasch.jpg
spare
EOR
4
8
1917
War
NEW GERMAN FIGHTER MAKES DEBUT
Desperate to provide their airmen with an improved fighter to replace some of the outclassed Albatros D.V machines currently forming the backbone of the Jastas, the Germans have begun deploying the Pfalz D.III. Unfortunately, initial feedback from the frontline pilots is that the machine is in fact inferior to the Albatros. Common criticism includes heavy controls, low speed, lack of power, and low rate of climb compared to the Albatros. It apparently stalls sharply and spins readily. Positive comments have, however, been given regarding the machines strength and sturdiness. Unlike the Albatros, the Pfalz is said to be safe in a dive at high speeds due to its twin-spar lower wing. This may make the Pfalz well-suited to diving attacks on observation balloons, which usually are heavily defended by anti-aircraft guns trained to the balloon's altitude.
pfalz d3.jpg
spare
EOR
7
8
1917
War
DUNNING KILLED IN CARRIER LANDING
Less than a week after making the first landing of an aircraft on a moving ship, Edwin Dunning of the RNAS has been killed. Having made a second successful landing a few days ago, a third trial earlier today went badly wrong and his Sopwith Pup fell over the side of HMS Furious' small flight deck. Dunning was drowned before ship personnel could rescue him.
War Declared.jpg
spare
EOR
8
8
1917
War
YPRES OFFENSIVE BOGGED IN MUD
So far, this has been one of the wettest August periods on record. The flooded and muddy battlefield is greatly limiting any chance for a major continuation of the British offensive. Fighting is currently limited to small skirmishes as both sides attempt to regain their strength and move more men and materials through the mud to the front.
flers.jpg
spare
EOR
11
8
1917
War
BISHOP RECEIVES VC
Captain William 'Billy' Bishop has been awarded the Victoria Cross, for most conspicuous bravery, determination, and skill during his June 6 attack of a German aerodrome located at least 12 miles behind the lines. Seven machines were on the ground as he attacked, and Bishop shot down several of them as they attempted to take off. His machine was very badly shot up by machine gun fire from the ground. Miraculously, Bishop was uninjured.
bishop_nieuport.jpg
spare
EOR
13
8
1917
War
BREGUETS ARRIVE IN GREAT NUMBERS
Breguet 14 production is reported to be in full swing and new batches of machines are arriving every week, equipping more and more French squadrons. Initially used in a reconnaissance role, a bomber version is also in production and proving to be quite successful.
Breguet14.jpg
spare
EOR
15
8
1917
War
GOTHA RAIDS NOW OCCURING AT NIGHT
Recent attacks on British soil by Gotha bombers have come at night, possibly a result of increasingly stiff resistance by British air defences. Although likely to provide the safety of darkness from interceptors and anti-aircraft guns, it seems likely that navigation and landing will be greatly complicated for the German aircrews.
gotha.jpg
spare
EOR
17
8
1917
War
HEAVY FIGHTING AT LANGEMARK
British forces, having regained strength for a renewed assault, have launched attacks around the village of Langemark and surrounding areas. The village was captured but casualties were very high. So far, Gough's forces have not been able to push past the village and may be losing momentum.
477_overthetop_2020.jpg
spare
EOR
18
8
1917
War
THE FUTURE OF AIRPOWER
A new report prepared by British General Jan Smuts has advocated that the air force be made independent from the army and navy. He makes bold predictions that airpower will become an independent means of war, and then soon, "aerial operations with their devastation of enemy lands and destruction of industrial and populous centres on a vast scale may be the principal operations of war, to which older forms of military and naval operations may become secondary and subordinate."
re8 crew.jpg
spare
EOR
19
8
1917
War
DISASTEROUS BOMBING RAID
The Luftstreitkrafte attempted a huge bomber attack yesterday, sending 28 Gotha bombers to attack England from bases in Belgium despite predictions of unfavorable winds. After two hours in the air, they had only reached Zeebrugge on the Belgian coast, and reached the coast of England after another hour of flying. Finding themselves 40 miles off course and with too little fuel to go on, the bombers aborted the raid and turned for home. Two Gothas went down in the North Sea, two others crash-landed in neutral Netherlands, and several others were lost in crash landings in Belgium.
gothas.jpg
spare
EOR
20
8
1917
War
FRENCH IN ACTION NEAR VERDUN
General Petain has launched an offensive in the Verdun area, possibly to pin German reinforcements that might otherwise be transferred to the defenses in Flanders, where the British are attempting a major push. The French attacks near the Meuse River appear to be making headway. The Germans are reportedly surprised to see the French so quickly overcome the morale issues of the spring and be able recover their ability to take offensive action.
french troops2.jpg
spare
EOR
21
8
1917
War
SEA-LAUNCHED PUP GETS ZEP
A Sopwith Pup piloted by Second Lieutenant B. A. Smart today took off from the light cruiser HMS Yarmouth, launching from the new flying-off platform mounted on the roof of one of the gun turrets. Climbing to 7,000 feet, he attacked the Zeppelin L23 from above, and shot it down with the loss of all crew. Smart subsequently ditched in the sea and was recovered by HMS Prince.
zepwreck.jpg
spare
EOR
23
8
1917
War
GOTHAS VULNERABLE IN DAYLIGHT
The Luftstreitkrafte sent 15 Gotha bombers to attack England in a daylight raid yesterday. Five turned back over the North Sea, and the remaining 10 encountered British fighter aircraft and heavy antiaircraft fire over the Isle of Thanet. Two Gothas are shot down immediately, and another was shot down over Dover. It is rumoured that this might spell the end of daylight raids over the United Kingdom and that a switch to night bombing is imminent.
gotha.jpg
spare
EOR
24
8
1917
War
BRITISH ADVANCE AT HIGH COST
The British offensive northeast of Ypres continues, with Gough's forces gaining small pieces of ground daily following a break in the rainy weather. A few tanks have been able to get into the fight and several German strongpoints have been captured with heavy casualties on both sides. The Germans still hold the high ground along their third line of defences (Wilhelm Line).
german trench2.jpg
spare
EOR
25
8
1917
War
PLUMER TAKES OVER BRIT OFFENSIVE
Field Marshall Sir Douglas Haig is rumoured to be disappointed with the lack of a breakthrough on the Ypres front, and apparently feels the problem is a lack of initiative on the part of Gough, rather than the difficulties imposed by the muddy conditions. Authority for the continuation of the offensive has been transferred to General Plumer and Second Army. Rumour has it that Plumer will pause the attack for a few weeks and bring up even more artillery before renewing the offensive.
Haig2.jpg
spare
EOR
1
9
1917
War
RUSSIANS FORCED TO RETREAT
General Oscar von Hutier's Eighth Army has attacked Riga, northern anchor of the Russian front. As a holding attack on the west bank of the Dvina River threatened the city, three German divisions crossed the river to the north on pontoon bridges and encircled the fortress, while exploiting elements poured eastward. The Russian Twelfth Army has fled, and a small German amphibious force is occupying Osel and Dago islands in the Gulf of Riga. The German victory at Riga will leave Petrograd unprotected.
cossacks.jpg
Spare
EOR
3
9
1917
War
NEW GERMAN TRIPLANE EVALUATION
A few pre-production versions of a new Fokker Triplane are reported to be at the front, undergoing combat evaluation. The machine is said to be highly maneuverable and an eager climber. German pilots have already flown the machines in combat this past week and scored kills. Pilots are reportedly eager to be supplied with this new fighter, as a replacement for their obsolete and unwieldy Albatros machines.
dr1.jpg
spare
EOR
4
9
1917
War
GOTHAS BOMB AT NIGHT
After the losses suffered in recent daylight raids, the German Air Force has begun to experiment with night raids. Last night five Gotha bombers attacked Chatham Dockyard in Kent. The raid killed 152 people, including 130 Royal Navy recruits who died from a direct hit on their barracks. The German bomber crews report that British night defenses appeared to be relatively weak.
Gotha18.jpg
spare
EOR
5
9
1917
War
GOTHAS RAID LONDON
The Germans have carried out the second Gotha night raid against England in as many days. Eleven Gotha bombers raided London last night, nine of the planes reaching England, but only five reached London. British aircraft flew eighteen defensive sorties, but failed to make contact with the German aircraft. The British flights, however, did demonstrate the feasibility of using the Sopwith Camel as a night fighter. One Gotha failed to return to base, possibly shot down by antiaircraft guns at Fort Borstal in Rochester.
gothas.jpg
spare
EOR
6
9
1917
War
HANNOVER CL.II MAKING DEBUT 
The Hannover CI.II is being produced in response to an official requirement for a high performance two-seat fighter for mainly low-level tactical support of ground troops. The Cl.II has an unusual biplane tail assembly to allow a greater field of fire by the observer/gunner. It is also quite small in overall dimensions, being not much bigger than a typical single-seat scout. Its deep, ply-covered fuselage is reported to be strong, and the close-set wings apparently offer its crew an excellent field of vision both above and below. Early reports are that the Hannover can be a formidable opponent to most Allied fighters, being reasonably agile and able to absorb lots of battle damage.
Hannover C.jpg
spare
EOR
9
9
1917
War
FRENCH OFFENSIVE PUSH AT VERDUN
French attacks near Verdun have gained good ground and over ten thousand German prisoners have been captured. German counterattacks have been almost non-existent because the bulk of the crack German divisions are tied up in the Flanders region defending against the ongoing British offensive. 
french attack.jpg
spare
EOR
11
9
1917
War
GUYNEMER MISSING
The French ace, Capitaine Georges Guynemer is today reported missing after attacking a Rumpler observation plane in the Langemark area of Flanders. More details will be provided as they become available. Capitaine Guynemer has survived being shot down seven times in the past, and all of France tonight prays that he will miraculously surprise them yet again, as no wreckage or body have been found. He has tallied 53 victories. 
Guynemer.jpg
spare
EOR
14
9
1917
War
ALL QUIET ALONG THE YPRES FRONT
There has been no offensive action by the British in the Ypres area for over two weeks, and it is rumoured that the German General Staff have concluded that the British have halted the battle due to the bad weather. Personnel in the field report that two German infantry divisions, as well as numerous artillery and aircraft units have been given orders to transfer out to other fronts. 
GMSQ.bmp
spare
EOR
15
9
1917
War
WOLFF KILLED IN DOGFIGHT
Oberleutnant Kurt Wolff of Jasta 1 has reportedly been killed. He was flying one of the very first prototypes of the new Fokker Triplane, accompanied by Lt. Schoenebeck in an Albatros, when they engaged a flight of Camels and DH-4 bombers over Moorslede Belgium. Outnumbered, Wolff was killed by a burst of machinegun fire from a Camel at close range during an intense but brief dogfight.
AirLosses.jpg
spare
EOR
18
9
1917
War
BREGUETS EQUIP MORE SQUADRONS
Breguet 14 production continues at a fever pitch and new batches of machines are equipping more and more French squadrons every week. Its unique framework of mostly duralum with some steel and wood has proven to be lightweight and extremely rugged. French aircrews are pleased with this large ungainly looking aircraft, finding that is faster, better climbing, and better armed than the machines (such as the Stutter) it is replacing. 
Breguet14.jpg
spare
EOR
21
9
1917
War
BRITISH RENEW ATTACKS
Having brought up more heavy guns and with the aid of improved weather, General Plumer's Second Army attacked yesterday across the Menin Road Ridge east of Ypres and quickly made a 1,500 yard (1,400 m) advance by mid-morning. Artillery was reportedly very effective in knocking out German pillboxes and machine gun emplacements. Plumer appears to be employing a bite-and-hold strategy, making short advances with massive artillery cover and then stopping to dig in at easily defended new positions. The German Fourth Army made numerous counterattacks all afternoon yesterday, none of which regained any of the lost ground.
Germans1.jpg
spare
EOR
22
9
1917
War
SUB SUNK BY AIRCRAFT
A RNAS Curtis flying-boat piloted by Flight Sub-Lieutenant Magor engaged and sunk a German submarine (UB-32) today in the North Sea. This is the first time that a submarine has been sunk by aircraft. The reach and uses of airpower seems to expand continually as the war progresses.
Curtis H-12.jpg
spare
EOR
23
9
1917
War
VOSS DOWNED IN EPIC AIR FIGHT
German Ace Werner Voss was killed today in a 10-minute long dogfight near Frezenberg Belgium, fighting single-handed against six S.E.5s of RFC 56 Squadron. Voss, reportedly piloting one of the new Fokker Dr.1 Triplanes, flew masterfully, but was unable to overcome the steep odds stacked against him. British ace Arthur Rhys-Davis has been credited with downing Voss, who was Germany's second leading ace with 48 victories to his credit.
dr1.jpg
spare
EOR
24
9
1917
War
MASSIVE GERMAN BOMBERS ARRIVE 
German Luftstreitkräfte units equipped with huge Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI bombers have transferred into France and Belgium from the Eastern Front in recent days. Rfa 500 has relocated to Castinne, France, and Rfa 501 has transferred to Ghent, Belgium. These massive bombers will begin operations against both France and Great Britain shortly. The Zeppelin-Staaken R.VI is a giant aircraft powered by four 260hp (194KW) Mercedes D.IVa engines in a tandem push-pull arrangement. The size of this machine cannot be overstated; the tail-plane alone is bigger than a single-seat scout. The R.VI has a complex 18-wheel undercarriage consisting of twin nose wheels and a quartet of four-wheeled groupings for its main gear to support its weight. The seven-man crew includes a gunner/observer/bomb-aimer in the forward turret; two pilots; wireless operator; two mechanics (one located in each engine nacelle to service the engines whilst in flight) and a gunner for the main/rear turret. The bombs are carried in an internal bomb bay located under the central fuel tanks, with three racks each capable of holding seven bombs. The R.VI is reportedly capable of carrying the new 1000 kg PuW bomb. Each R.VI bomber costs 557,000 marks and requires the support of a 50-man ground crew. 
giant.jpg
spare
EOR
27
9
1917
War
YPRES - POLYGON WOOD CAPTURED
The British Second Army attacked Polygon Woods yesterday, advancing on a narrow 1,000 yard (910 m) front. General Plumer again employed a heavy creeping barrage in advance of the troops. A new tactic for assaulting enemy pillboxes also debuted during the battle. At first, the pillbox is attacked with machine gun fire with support from rifle grenades and trench mortars. Meanwhile, as the enemy is pinned down, a team of soldiers sneaks around and attacks the pill box from the rear. So far, German counterattacks have failed to regain any ground.
poly-wood-buttes-1917.jpg
spare
EOR
3
10
1917
War
STRATEGIC BOMBING TO COMMENCE
Hugh Trenchard, commander of the RFC in France, has been tasked with commencing a strategic bombing campaign against German industrial targets. To this end the 41st Wing is being formed, taking squadrons from both the RFC and the RNAS. The 41st will fly DH4s, Handley-Page O/100's, and the venerable FE2b pusher, which has proved its worth as a night bomber and ground strafer.
handley.jpg
spare
EOR
5
10
1917
War
BATTLE OF BROODSEINDE
Given the continuation of improved weather, renewed fighting erupted yesterday in the area east of Ypres. Both the Germans and the British launched attacks along the Broodseinde Ridge at about the same time, neither aware of the others plans. Australian troops of the Anzac Corps and German troops of the 45th Reserve Division actually met head-on in the middle of no-man's-land. Neither side made any real gains, but dense concentrations of German troops have been subjected to heavy and accurate British bombardment. Although these attacks are often described as small scale battles, the casualty figures demonstrate the real scale of the fighting. The Germans have reportedly suffered 10,000 casualties and lost 5,000 prisoners. On the Allied side, the Australians suffered 6,432 casualties, the New Zealanders 892, and the British 300.
German troops.jpg
spare
EOR
6
10
1917
War
GOTHAS RENEW NIGHT ATTACKS
After weeks of unfavorable weather, the Luftstreitkräfte was able to renew its recent campaign of night-bombing raids on England yesterday. Nineteen Gotha and two Riesenflugzeug bombers attacked in several waves, causing much damage, mostly in London. Fortunately, very few casualties were inflicted on the ground. British antiaircraft guns shot down two Gothas and their crews were captured, while a third bomber has gone missing. It is debatable whether the effects of recent bombing raids warrant the aircraft losses the Germans are enduring. The continuation of the bombing campaign is in doubt.
gothas.jpg
spare
EOR
7
10
1917
War
LARGEST ZEPPELIN DESTOYED
German Navy L.57, the world's largest airship, was wrecked and destroyed by fire this morning. The 743 foot (226 metre) long Zeppelin was attempting to take off in poor weather for a test flight. This particular Zeppelin had been used in the past to make extreme long-range flights carrying supplies and munitions from Bulgaria to German forces in German East Africa.
zepdown.jpg
spare
EOR
8
10
1917
War
FOKKER TRIPLANES ARRIVING
Fokker has began delivering production models of the new Dr.I, with initial deliveries going to units within Richthofen's Jagdgeschwader I. Compared to the Albatros and Pfalz fighters, the Dr.I offers exceptional maneuverability and is highly anticipated by the German fliers. Rudder and elevator controls are said to be light and powerful, while rapid turns (especially to the right) are facilitated by the triplane's marked directional instability. Although very maneuverable, the machine's main disadvantage is that it is considerably slower than most Allied fighters, both in level flight and in a dive. Performance is also reported to fall off dramatically at higher altitudes because of the low compression of the Oberursel rotary engine.
dr1.jpg
spare
EOR
10
10
1917
War
ATTACK AT POELCAPPELLE - RAIN
Heavy rain has again inundated the Flanders region; however, there appears to be no respite from the fighting. The French First Army and British 2nd and 5th Armies attacked yesterday along a wide front towards Passchendaele. Ground was gained on the north end of the front, but all gains to the south were lost later in the day to German counterattacks. Heavy casualties are reported on both sides. The return to a landscape of mud seems to have been a significant impediment to the Allied troop's ability to advance. 
german trench3.jpg
spare
EOR
13
10
1917
War
ATTACK ON PASSCHENDAELE
Yesterday saw a large British attack near Passchendaele. Troops advanced without the aid of much artillery cover, as the sea of mud has made bringing up heavy guns almost impossible. Exhausted British and New Zealand troops advanced initially, but were badly mauled by German defenses and then thrown back by a German counterattack. Initial reports are that casualties may number 13,000 including over 2,700 New Zealanders. Field Marshall Haig is reportedly considering halting attacks until roads are improved to bring forward artillery and supplies.
St Eloi.jpg
spare
EOR
15
10
1917
War
EXOTIC SPY SHOT
Mata Hari, born Margaretha Geertruida Zelle in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands, was put to death by firing squad yesterday. Famous as a dancer and wearer of lavish costumes, Margaretha added to the mystique that surrounded her by spinning fantastic, fictionalized stories about her background, including being a Javanese princess and daughter of a baron. To sound more exotic, she took the stage name "Mata Hari," Malayan for "eye of the day" (the sun). She was invited to big parties and travelled extensively. She also had a large number of lovers (often military men from a number of countries) who were willing to provide her financial support in exchange for her company. Apparently, her frequent travel across international borders and her varied companions led some observers to wonder if she was a spy or even a double-agent. Many people who knew her said she was sociable, but just not smart enough to pull off such a feat. However, the French were confident that she was a spy and arrested her on February 13, 1917. After a short trial in front of a secret military court, she was sentenced to death. On October 15, 1917, Mata Hari was executed. She was 41 years old.
matahari.jpg
Spare
EOR
17
10
1917
War
BREGUETS ARRIVE IN GREAT NUMBERS
Breguet 14 production continues to climb and new batches of machines arrive with French squadrons every week. With twin machine-guns covering the rear, this bird has a potent sting in its tail for would-be attackers. It is proving to be a fast and rugged workhorse respected by those that fly it as well as those who come up against it. 
Breguet14.jpg
spare
EOR
18
10
1917
War
CANADIAN CORPS TO RELIEVE ANZACS
After enduring desperate conditions and suffering heavy casualties in the struggle for Passchendaele, II Anzac Corps is being pulled back for rest and relief. The Canadian Corps is moving into the line and is preparing to attempt a final push to capture Passchendaele.
Australian_6th_Brigade.jpg
spare
EOR
20
10
1917
War
ZEPPELIN RAID SCATTERED BY GALE
Last night, an unexpected gale played havoc with a bombing raid carried out by eleven German Navy Zeppelins. All airships became lost in the storm, and most dropped their bombs harmlessly over the English countryside. Although 73 British aircraft took off to attack, none could reach the high-flying Zeppelins. L 55 set a new altitude record of 24,000 feet (7315 metres) on the raid. Only six of the original eleven raiders have returned safely to Germany, with four of the craft ending their mission in France after being either shot down, crashing, or force-landing. 
BlythGermanZeppelinRaid.jpg
spare
EOR
23
10
1917
War
FRENCH ATTACK CHEMIN DES DAMES
Renewed fighting has erupted along the Chemin des Dames Ridge south of Laon in the Marne region. This area was the location of the failed Nivelle offensive earlier this spring, which brought the French Army to the brink of mutiny. Once again prepared to make offensive operations, French troops today attacked in a bid to capture the remaining high ground along the ridge that was not captured earlier this spring. Initial reports are that the French have great superiority in artillery and are systematically destroying German defenses identified earlier by aerial reconnaissance.
french troops2.jpg
spare
EOR
24
10
1917
War
ITALIAN DEFEAT AT CAPORETTO
Austro-Hungarian forces, reinforced by German units, have broken the Italian front line and routed the Italian army along the Italian-Austro Hungarian front. The Italians have practically no mobile reserves with which to staunch the hole in the lines and are in full retreat. The battle has been a demonstration of the effectiveness of the new use of stormtroopers and infiltration tactics. The use of poison gas by the Germans also appears to have played a key role in the collapse of the Italian Second Army.
Italian_troops.jpg
spare
EOR
26
10
1917
War
CANADIANS ATTACK PASSCHENDAELE
The Canadian advance on Passchendaele began this morning, but initial reports are that only modest gains have been made. Further attacks are expected in the coming days. Every advance continues to be met by fierce German counterattacks.
desolation.jpg
spare
EOR
27
10
1917
War
CHEMINS DES DAMES RIDGE CAPTURED
After four days of fighting, French troops have captured the remaining high ground along the Chemins des Dames Ridge. An advance of six miles has been achieved with only a tenth of the losses suffered in the Nivelle offensive this spring. Large numbers of German prisoners and heavy guns have reportedly been captured.
france soldier.jpg
spare
EOR
30
10
1917
War
HEINRICH GONTERMANN DIES IN CRASH
German Ace Heinrich Gontermann (39 victories) died today in an incident likely to add fuel to recent rumours of shoddy construction in the new Dr1 fighters. Gontermann was reported to have been anxious to try his new airplane, and after a few minutes of flight, he tried aerobatics at 700 meters altitude. Witnesses indicate that the upper wing collapsed and broke completely off, with the airplane plunging into the ground. Gontermann was pulled from the wreckage alive, although with severe head injuries after slamming into the machine gun breeches. He was taken to the Jasta's medical bay, where he died several hours later. It appears likely that an immediate review of the Fokker's construction and structural design will follow. 
dr1.jpg
spare
EOR
31
10
1917
War
CHARGE OF AUSTRALIAN LIGHT HORSE
After an all day battle, which culminated in a mounted cavalry charge at dusk by the 4th and 12th Regiments of the Australian Light Horse Brigade, General Allenby has taken Beersheba, a vital water supply near Jerusalem. Many of the Turks guarding the oasis have surrendered, with others fleeing into the Judean hills. 
beersheba.jpg
spare
EOR
2
11
1917
War
ROBERT HUGH SLOLEY DIES
Sloley transferred to the Royal Flying Corps from the Royal Artillery. An S.E.5a pilot, he was posted to 56 Squadron in 1917 and scored nine victories during August and September. Two days after his final victory, Sloley was overwhelmed by four black and white Albatros D.Vs. James McCudden witnessed the onslaught, watching Sloley's plane go down after its tail was shot off by Xavier Dannhuber of Jasta 26.
raf formation.jpg
spare
EOR
6
11
1917
War
PASSCHENDAELE CAPTURED
After three rainless days that have aided preparation, the Canadian 1st and 2nd Divisions have captured the town of Passchendaele. The high ground to the north of the village remains in German hands.
tren006.jpg
spare
EOR
7
11
1917
War
BOLSHEVIST COUP IN RUSSIA
The Russian Provisional Government has fallen to the Bolsheviks. Last night, armed workers known as Red Guards and other revolutionary groups seized post and telegraph offices, electric works, railroad stations, and the state bank in Petrograd. Once a signaling shot rang out from the Battleship Aurora, thousands in the Red Guard stormed the Winter Palace. Vladimir. I. Lenin, the leader of the Bolsheviks, has announced his intent to construct a socialist order in Russia. This new government will be made up of 'Soviets', and led by the Bolsheviks. There is wide spread speculation that the Bolsheviks, once established, will sue for peace with Germany. This would lead to German troops being moved from the Eastern front to France to bolster their tiring army in the west. 
revolution.jpg
spare
EOR
8
11
1917
War
ITALIAN STAND AT PIAVE RIVER
After the rout at Caporetto two weeks ago, Italian 2nd Army commander Luigi Capello has been able to established a defensive position on the Piave River and halt the advance of the Central Powers. The fact that German and Austro-Hungarian supply lines have become stretched to the breaking point by the initial rapid advance has lead to a delay, allowing time for the Italians to regain their footing. 
Italian_troops.jpg
spare
EOR
9
11
1917
War
ROMANIA SIGNS ARMISTICE
Romania has signed an armistice with the Central Powers. Up to a million German, Bulgarian, and Austo-Hungarian troops have been tied up fighting the Romanians earlier this year. Recently the Russian situation has left Romania isolated and surrounded, with little choice but to negotiate.
polandWWI.jpg
spare
EOR
10
11
1917
War
THIRD BATTLE OF YPRES ENDS!
A final assault today by the Canadian Corps has captured the high ground of Passchendaele Ridge. With the capture of Passchendaele complete, Field Marshal Douglas Haig has reportedly declared the recent Flanders campaign to be a success, and is ending further attacks. Off the record, others have expressed a very different opinion. With over 320,000 casualties incurred and without even the slightest chance of a breakthrough achieved during the entire operation, there is a general feeling amongst the troops and the government that the campaign was a senseless and disastrous undertaking. Two new German defensive lines are already in place beyond the captured area, but after suffering over 200,000 casualties of their own the German armies in Flanders are seriously strained and possibly close to the breaking point.
pasch.jpg
spare
EOR
16
11
1917
War
GERMAN AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION WOES
The British naval blockade continues to bite, and shortages of materials such as metal and rubber are slowing down production of German aircraft. Outnumbered and still flying predominantly Albatros machines that most consider to be inferior to those of their opponents, it appears that only the skill and training of the German fliers is maintaining them in the fight. 
albatros d5.jpg
spare
EOR
21
11
1917
War
CAMBRAI OFFENSIVE BEGINS
A battle near Cambrai began yesterday, marking the first successful use of the 'tank' as a significant offensive force, a little over a year after its tentative and mostly unimpressive debut at Flers on the Somme River, and six months after Nivelle's muddy disaster around the Aisne. Despite these earlier disappointments, the British Tank Corps remains convinced of the offensive capabilities of the new weapon, if it can be utilized in more suitable battlefield conditions. The attack was scheduled for mid November, even though weather conditions by then would be predictably worsening. Consequently, many Tank Corps commanders still feared that the planned attack would once again merely serve further to undermine the tank's already shaky reputation as an effective attacking weapon. Nevertheless, the attack was duly launched at dawn yesterday, with four-hundred and seventy-six tanks advancing across a 10 kilometre wide front, accompanied by six infantry and two cavalry divisions. Fourteen newly formed squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps also stood by to aid in the operation. Notably, the attack was not preceded by a preliminary bombardment, helping to ensure complete surprise. Within hours, the lightly defended Germans have been forced back some six kilometres to Cambrai, the three trench systems of the Hindenburg Line pierced for the first time in the war. News of the breakthrough, along with the capture of 8,000 prisoners and 100 guns, has resulted in the ringing of church bells in Britain for the first time since the beginning of the war.
mark1.jpg
spare
EOR
22
11
1917
War
BRITISH ADVANCE STALLS AT CAMBRAI
After an initial rapid advance on the first day, the British advance towards Cambrai has stalled. Little additional gains were reported in yesterday's actions. German reinforcements are reportedly arriving and stabilizing the defenses. British forces also failed to capture Bourlon Ridge, leaving the newly captured salient susceptible to flanking fire. Rumours are that the Richthofen Circus may be on route. If so, a contest for air superiority over the battleground can soon be expected.
cambrie.jpg
spare
EOR
24
11
1917
War
BATTLE FOR BOURLON RIDGE
The Battle of Cambrai continued yesterday with an all-out British attack to capture the key defensive positions on Bourlon Ridge. An attack by 40th Division was supported by close to a hundred tanks and 430 heavy guns. Little progress was made, however, in the face of stiffening German resistance. German field guns are becoming increasingly effective at targeting and destroying tanks, while British reserves are running low. More and more German reinforcements continue to arrive. 
canadians.jpg
spare
EOR
28
11
1917
War
BATTLE FOR BOURLON RIDGE ENDS
After five days of continued attacks in and around Bourlon Wood, the British have again failed to capture this key piece of ground. Renewed attacks seen unlikely, as there are few reserves left to call upon. The British troops have been ordered to lay wire and dig in. 
tren005.jpg
spare
EOR
1
12
1917
War
SURPRISE GERMAN COUNTERATTACK
British forces in the Cambrai area were shocked and surprised yesterday by a lightning counterattack by up to six German divisions. The attack is slicing upwards from the south and threatening to severe the base of the Cambrai salient. There is a potential that the British troops in the salient might be cut off and surrounded. Ludendorff's attackers are using new infiltration tactics, and to great effect. The Sturmtruppen (Stormtroops) spearheading the attack are being assisted by carefully coordinated ground attacks by aircraft, with the pilot strafing and the observer dropping grenades.
stormtrooper.jpg
spare
EOR
6
12
1917
War
GERMAN GROUND ATTACK SUCCESS
The Battle of Cambrai has seen 10 German ground-attack squadrons in action, providing close air support to German ground forces. German ground-attack aircraft played a key role in halting the British advance, which has convinced the Luftstreitkrafte of the need for a permanent ground-attack force to be created.
Hannover C.jpg
spare
EOR
7
12
1917
War
ENTIRE CITY BLOWN TO BITS
The Canadian harbour of Halifax was almost totally destroyed yesterday after the French ship Mont-Blanc, loaded with 2,300 tons of wet and dry picric acid, 200 tons of TNT, 10 tons of gun cotton, and 35 tons of benzyl caught fire and exploded in a massive fireball after a collision with another ship. At the time, the population of the town was swollen with troops, some awaiting embarkation for Europe, some garrisoned there along with their families and people who had come to benefit from the plentiful employment. At the entrance to the harbour, after a series of ill-judged maneuvers, the Norwegian ship Imo struck the Mont-Blanc on the bow. Although the collision was not severe, fire immediately broke out on board the Mont-Blanc. The captain, pilot and crew, expecting the ship to blow up immediately, launched the lifeboats and took refuge on the shore. Instead, the ship burned for twenty minutes, drifting until it came to rest against Pier 6, in the Richmond district. Just before 9:05 a.m., the Mont-Blanc finally exploded. Not one piece of her remained beside the dock where she had finished her voyage. Burning fragments rained on the surrounding area, crashing through buildings and starting numerous fires. All buildings and structures covering nearly two square kilometres (500 acres) along the adjacent shore were obliterated. Over 2,000 people were killed by debris, fire, or collapsed buildings, and it is estimated that another 9,000 people were injured. The explosion in Halifax harbour is likely to be remembered as not only the world's largest, but also the most costly, man-made, accidental explosions in history.
Halifax.jpg
Spare
EOR
8
12
1917
War
BATTLE OF CAMBRAI ENDS
After many days of fighting, in which a dangerous German counteroffensive was eventually halted by the British, both sides appear to be exhausted and are likely to use the arrival of snow to halt the fighting. What began as an apparent British victory and breakthrough has once again turned to stalemate, with the frontlines returned almost to their starting locations. The German's are reportedly reassessing their previous opinion that tanks are of little use on the battlefield. They now have over 50 captured British tanks to examine, and rumours are that up to 30 of them might be capable of being repaired and eventually re-entering service as German tanks.
trench.jpg
spare
EOR
9
12
1917
War
ARMISTICE ON THE RUSSIAN FRONT
A day after the Bolsheviks seized control of Russian military headquarters at Mogilev, a formal ceasefire has been proclaimed throughout the battle zone between Russia and the Central Powers. Since their ascension to power last month, the Bolsheviks have approached the Central Powers to arrange an armistice and withdraw from a war that they see as a major obstacle to their plan of providing food and land to the long-impoverished Russian peasant population. Leon Trotsky, in charge of foreign affairs, has been pressing Britain and France to open peace negotiations, threatening to make a separate armistice if they don't. After receiving no response from the Allies, the Bolsheviks have now proceeded with their plan for a separate peace, and this has been welcomed by both Germany and Austria.
War Declared.jpg
spare
EOR
12
12
1917
War
BRITISH FORCES ENTER JERUSALEM
Three days ago, Turkish troops retreated from Jerusalem, and officials gave the keys to the city to approaching British troops. Yesterday saw General Allenby enter the holy city. He is reported to have made pains to show respect to the city, entering on foot and flying no Allied flags. Allenby's success, after so much discouragement on the Western Front, has elated and inspired Allied supporters.
AllenbyJerusalem.jpg
spare
EOR
22
12
1917
War
BREST-LITOVSK CONFERENCE OPENS
Three weeks after a ceasefire was declared on the Eastern Front, representatives of Russia and Germany have begun peace negotiations at Brest-Litovsk. The leader of the Russian delegation is Leon Trotsky, the Bolshevik People's Commissar for Foreign Relations. Max Hoffmann, the commander of German forces on the Eastern Front, is serving as one of the chief negotiators on the German side. The main difference of opinion is expected to be the surrender of Russian land to the Germans. The Russians are demanding a peace without annexations or indemnities and the Germans appear unwilling to concede on this point.
conference.jpg
spare
EOR
25
12
1917
War
THE FOURTH CHRISTMAS OF THE WAR
Another Christmas is upon us and most combatants will likely pause on this special day to reflect on the seemingly endless futility and cruelty of this war, and to think of loved ones and homes far away and so sadly missed. 
xmas1917.jpg
spare
EOR
EOF
